Long Island: June-August 1776

General Alexander’s Rearguard Action

The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Print Collection, The New York Public Library. “Battle of Long Island.” New York Public Library Digital Collections.

The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Print Collection, The New York Public Library. “Battle of Long Island.” New York Public Library Digital Collections.

The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Picture Collection, The New York Public Library. “Lord Stirling last struggle around the old Cortelyou house” New York Public Library Digital Collections.

The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Picture Collection, The New York Public Library. “Lord Stirling last struggle around the old Cortelyou house” New York Public Library Digital Collections.

The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Print Collection, The New York Public Library. “Lord Stirling at the battle of Long Island.” New York Public Library Digital Collections.

The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Print Collection, The New York Public Library. “Lord Stirling at the battle of Long Island.” New York Public Library Digital Collections.

When Alexander learned that British troops had outflanked the American line through the Jamaica Pass, he waged a desperate holding action with around 400 Maryland and Delaware soldiers from the 1st Maryland Regiment to buy time for other Continental units to withdraw into a second line of defense in the town of Brooklyn. Nearly all of Alexander’s soldiers were killed or captured in the brutal fight- the general himself became a prisoner of war war- but their gallant stand allowed many of their fellow soldiers on Brooklyn Heights to escape. General Washington, who witnessed the fighting from Cobble Hill, reportedly said, “Good God, what brave fellows I must this day lose.”

"I found that General Howe with the Main Body [of] the Army was between me and Our Lines, and saw that [the] only Chance of Escapeing being all made prisoners, was to pass the Creek near the Yellow Mills, and in order to render this the more practicable I found it Absolutely Necessary to Attack a Body of Troops Commanded by Lord Cornwallis posted at the House near the Upper Mills; this I Instantly did, with about half of smallwoods first ordering all the other troops to make the best of their way thro’ the Creek, we Continued the Attack a Considerable time the Men haveing been rallied and the Attack renewed five or Six Several times, and were on the point of driveing Lord Cornwallis from his Station, but large [Succours] arriveing rendered it impossible to do more than to provide for Safety."

Brig. Gen. William Alexander to General George Washington, 29 August 1776.
Sources
  • www.founders.archives.gov