During the first two years of the Revolutionary War, former British Army officer Horatio Gates was a godsend to the American cause. A superb administrator, combat veteran of the Seven Years War, and the Continental Army’s second in command in 1775, he showed great promise in the fight for American liberty. And by the Fall of 1777, he had led the army that defeated the British and Hessians at Saratoga in the forests of northern New York, the war’s biggest victory to date. But as historian John Maass explains, Gates’s laurels turned to willows when the general turned against George Washington, suffered a crushing battlefield defeat in South Carolina in 1780, and became involved in mutinous actions at Newburgh, New York, in the war’s final year.

 

John R. Maass is a historian and educator at the National Museum of the U.S. Army. He received a BA in history from Washington & Lee University, and a PhD in early U.S. history from the Ohio State University. He served as an officer in the U.S. Army Reserve (80th Division). His most recent book is “The Battles of Spencer’s Ordinary and Green Spring, 1781” (2025).

 

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